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1 March 2005 Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato Infection in Larval Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) Feeding on Blackbirds in Northwestern Italy
Alessandro Mannelli, Patrizia Nebbia, Clara Tramuta, Elena Grego, Laura Tomassone, Romina Ainardi, Lucia Venturini, Daniele de meneghi, Pier Giuseppe Meneguz
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Abstract

Birds belonging to 59 species (n = 1,206) were live captured in Piemonte, northwestern Italy, in 2001. Ixodes ricinus (L.) larvae were collected from 59 birds belonging to nine species, and nymphs were recovered on 79 birds belonging to 10 species. Eurasian blackbirds, Turdus merula L., had significantly higher levels of infestation by ticks than other passerine species. Larval I. ricinus of blackbirds peaked in summer, when prevalence was 39% (95% confidence interval 24.2–55.5) and mean number of ticks per host was 3.3 (1.6–7.2), whereas nymphs peaked in spring, when prevalence was 72.2% (54.8–85.8) and mean number of ticks per host was 6.9 (4.4–10.7). Immature I. ricinus were coincidentally aggregated on blackbirds, with 15 blackbirds feeding 67.4% of nymphs and 40.3% of larvae, and coinfestation by both stages was relatively high in summer: Kappa = 0.64 (0.40–0.88). Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato was identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 58.3% (35.9–78.5) of larvae with engorgement ratio ≥3 that were collected from blackbirds. Larvae that were collected from other passerine species gave negative PCR results. Sixteen of 21 PCR-positive samples belonged to B. garinii (76.2%), and five (23.8%) were Borrelia valaisiana. Results of this study suggest that blackbirds play an important role as hosts for immature I. ricinus and as reservoir of Borrelia garinii in northwestern Italy.

Alessandro Mannelli, Patrizia Nebbia, Clara Tramuta, Elena Grego, Laura Tomassone, Romina Ainardi, Lucia Venturini, Daniele de meneghi, and Pier Giuseppe Meneguz "Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato Infection in Larval Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) Feeding on Blackbirds in Northwestern Italy," Journal of Medical Entomology 42(2), 168-175, (1 March 2005). https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-2585(2005)042[0168:BBSLII]2.0.CO;2
Received: 22 July 2004; Accepted: 5 December 2004; Published: 1 March 2005
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KEYWORDS
Borrelia garinii
Borrelia valaisiana
Italy
Ixodes ricinus
Turdus merula
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